8PARA 0PAR@ ` HTEXT ` :Woodbury, Helen Laura Sumner1876╨1933historian and public officialBorn on March 12, 1876, in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, Helen Sumner grew up there, in Durango, Colorado, from the age of five, and in Denver from thirteen. After graduating from East Denver High School she entered Wellesley College, from which she graduated in 1898. In college she became interested in social settlement work and published a free-silver campaign novel, The White Slave or, ╥The Cross of Gold,╙ 1896. In 1902 she began graduate studies in economics at the University of Wisconsin, where she worked as secretary to Professor Richard T. Ely and studied with Professor John R. Commons. She held an honorary fellowship in political economy in 1904╨1906. She contributed to Commons╒s Trade Unionism and Labor Problems, 1905, and with Thomas S. Adams wrote Labor Problems, a widely used college textbook, 1905. In 1906╨1907 she conducted a field investigation of woman suffrage in Colorado for the Collegiate Equal Suffrage League of New York State. Her report, Equal Suffrage, was published in 1909. Resuming her studies, Sumner helped compile and edit several volumes of the Documentary History of American Industrial Society published by Commons╒s American Bureau of Industrial Research. In 1908 she received her Ph.D. for a dissertation on ╥The Labor Movement in America, 1827╨1837,╙ which became a major portion of the first two volumes of History of Labour in the United States, by Commons and several students, 1918. Her pioneering study of the ╥History of Women in Industry in the United States╙ was published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics as Volume IX of its Report on the Condition of Woman and Child Wage-Earners in the United States in 1910. From 1909 to 1913 she undertook various contract studies for the federal government. A European research tour led to her Industrial Courts in France, Germany, and Switzerland, published in 1910 as a bulletin of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In 1913 she joined the year-old Children╒s Bureau as an industrial expert, and two years later she advanced to assistant chief under Julia Lathrop. She later gave up the administrative post to serve as the bureau╒s chief investigator. Following her marriage in November 1918 to Robert M. Woodbury, an economist, she worked for the bureau on a contract basis. Her published work for the bureau included Child Labor Legislation in the United States, with Ella A. Merritt, 1915, The Working Children of Boston: A Study of Child Labor under a Modern System of Legal Regulation, 1922, and Standards Applicable to tile Administration of Employment-Certificate Systems, 1924. From 1924 to 1926 she and her husband were both on the staff of the Institute of Economics. She also contributed to the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. She died in New York City on March 10, 1933. ╢styl ` " ! ¬ 5¬ ' 5¬ F !I ┤ !I ▄ !I ⁿ !I !I D !I U !I !I ! !I < 5¬ = !I ë !I ╗ !I û !I ╝ !I !I ╦ !I P !I à !I ╠ 5¬ ═ !I R !I ▐ _ !I b !I Ä !I ¼ !I
